sqlserver exists,not exists的用法

网络整理 - 08-23

学生表:create table student
(
 id number(8) primary key,
 name varchar2(10),deptment number(8)
)选课表:create table select_course
(
  ID         NUMBER(8) primary key,
  STUDENT_ID NUMBER(8) foreign key (COURSE_ID) references course(ID),
  COURSE_ID  NUMBER(8) foreign key (STUDENT_ID) references student(ID)
)课程表:create table COURSE
(
  ID     NUMBER(8) not null,
  C_NAME VARCHAR2(20),
  C_NO   VARCHAR2(10)
)student表的数据:
        ID NAME            DEPTMENT_ID
---------- --------------- -----------
         1 echo                   1000
         2 spring                 2000
         3 smith                  1000
         4 liter                  2000course表的数据:
        ID C_NAME               C_NO
---------- -------------------- --------
         1 数据库               data1
         2 数学                 month1
         3 英语                 english1select_course表的数据:
        ID STUDENT_ID  COURSE_ID
---------- ---------- ----------
         1          1          1
         2          1          2
         3          1          3
         4          2          1
         5          2          2
         6          3          21.查询选修了所有课程的学生id、name:(即这一个学生没有一门课程他没有选的。)分析:如果有一门课没有选,则此时(1)select * from select_course sc where sc.student_id=ts.id and sc.course_id=c.id存在null,这说明(2)select * from course c 的查询结果中确实有记录不存在(1查询中),查询结果返回没有选的课程,此时select * from t_student ts 后的not exists 判断结果为false,不执行查询。SQL> select * from t_student ts where not exists
 (select * from course c where not exists
   (select * from select_course sc where sc.student_id=ts.id and sc.course_id=c.id));                ID NAME            DEPTMENT_ID
---------- --------------- -----------
         1 echo                   10002.查询没有选择所有课程的学生,即没有全选的学生。(存在这样的一个学生,他至少有一门课没有选),分析:只要有一个门没有选,即select * from select_course sc where student_id=t_student.id and course_id
=course.id 有一条为空,即not exists null 为true,此时select * from course有查询结果(id为子查询中的course.id ),因此select id,name from t_student 将执行查询(id为子查询中t_student.id )。SQL> select id,name from t_student where exists (select * from course where not exists (select * from select_course sc where student_id=t_student.id and course_id=course.id));        ID NAME
---------- ---------------
         2 spring
         3 smith
         4 liter3.查询一门课也没有选的学生。(不存这样的一个学生,他至少选修一门课程),分析:如果他选修了一门select * from course结果集不为空,not exists 判断结果为false;select id,name from t_student 不执行查询。SQL> select id,name from t_student where not exists (select * from course where exists (select * from select_course sc where student_id=t_student.id and course_id=course.id));        ID NAME
---------- ---------------
         4 liter4.查询至少选修了一门课程的学生。
SQL> select id,name from t_student where exists (select * from course where  exists (select * from select_course sc where student_id=t_student.id and course_id=course.id));        ID NAME
---------- ---------------
         1 echo
         2 spring
         3 smith