消息队列是消息的链表,存放在内核中并有消息队列标示符标示。
msgget用于创建一个新队列或打开一个现存的队列。msgsnd将新消息加入到消息队列中;每个消息包括一个long型的type;和消息缓存;msgrcv用于从队列中取出消息;取消息很智能,不一定先进先出
①msgget,创建一个新队列或打开一个现有队列
#include <sys/msg.h>
int msgget ( key_t key, int flag );
//成功返回消息队列ID;错误返回-1
②msgsnd: 发送消息
#include <sys/msg.h>
int msgsnd( int msgid, const void* ptr, size_t nbytes, int flag )
//成功返回0,错误返回-1
a: flag可以指定为IPC_NOWAIT; 若消息队列已满,则msgsnd立即出错返回EABAIN;
若没指定IPC_NOWAIT; msgsnd会阻塞,直到消息队列有空间为止
③msgrcv: 读取消息:
ssize_t msgrcv( int msgid, void* ptr, size_t nbytes, long type, int flag );
a. type == 0; 返回消息队列中第一个消息,先进先出
b. type > 0 返回消息队列中类型为tpye的第一个消息
c. type < 0 返回消息队列中类型 <= |type| 的数据;若这种消息有若干个,则取类型值最小的消息
消息队列创建步骤:
#define MSG_FILE "."
struct msgtype {
long mtype;
char buffer[BUFFER+1];
};
if((key=ftok(MSG_FILE,'a'))==-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Creat Key Error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
if((msgid=msgget(key, IPC_CREAT | 0666/*PERM*/))==-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Creat Message Error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
msg.mtype = 1;
strncpy(msg.buffer, argv[1], BUFFER);
msgsnd(msgid, &msg, sizeof(struct msgtype), 0);
msgrcv(msgid, &msg, sizeof(struct msgtype), 1, 0);
示例代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#define MSG_FILE "."
#define BUFFER 255
#define PERM S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR
#define IPCKEY 0x111
struct msgtype {
long mtype;
char buffer[BUFFER+1];
};
void* thr_test( void* arg ){
struct msgtype msg;
int msgid;
msgid = *((int*)arg);
printf("msqid = %d IPC_NOWAIT = %d\n", msgid, IPC_NOWAIT);
time_t tt = time(0)+8;
//while( time(0) <= tt )
//{
msgrcv(msgid, &msg, sizeof(struct msgtype), 1, 0);
fprintf(stderr,"Server Receive:%s\n", msg.buffer);
msg.mtype = 2;
msgsnd(msgid, &msg, sizeof(struct msgtype), 0);
//}
pthread_exit( (void*)2 );
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
struct msgtype msg;
key_t key;
int msgid;
pthread_t tid;
if(argc != 2)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Usage:%s string\n", argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
/*
char path[256];
sprintf( path, "%s/", (char*)getenv("HOME") );
printf( "path is %s\n", path );
msgid=ftok( path, IPCKEY );
*/
if((key=ftok(MSG_FILE,'a'))==-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Creat Key Error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
if((msgid=msgget(key, IPC_CREAT | 0666/*PERM*/))==-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"Creat Message Error:%s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
pthread_create( &tid, NULL, thr_test, &msgid );
fprintf(stderr,"msid is :%d\n", msgid);
msg.mtype = 1;
strncpy(msg.buffer, argv[1], BUFFER);
msgsnd(msgid, &msg, sizeof(struct msgtype), 0);
exit(0);
}