Android 中运用 Activity, Service, Broadcast

网络整理 - 06-28

在 Android 中运用 Activity, Service, Broadcast, BroadcastReceiver
* 活动(Activity) - 用于表现功能 
* 服务(Service) - 相当于后台运行的 Activity
* 广播(Broadcast) - 用于发送广播 
* 广播接收器(BroadcastReceiver) - 用于接收广播
* Intent - 用于连接以上各个组件,并在其间传递消息  
1、演示 Activity 的基本用法,一个 Activity 启动另一个 Activity,启动另一个 Activity 时为其传递参数,被启动的 Activity 返回参数给启动者的 Activity
Main.java
代码
package com.webabcd.activity;
import android.app.Activity;
import ntent.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class Main extends Activity {

TextView txt;

/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
this.setContentView(R.layout.main);
txt = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.txt);
txt.setText("Activity 1");
Button btn = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn);
btn.setText("启动另一个Activity");
btn.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {

// 实例化 Intent,指定须要 启动的 Activity
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setClass(Main.this, MyActivity.class);
// 实例化 Bundle,配置 须要 传递的参数
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("name", "webabcd");
bundle.putDouble("salary", 100.13);
// 将须要 传递的参数赋值给 Intent 对象
intent.putExtras(bundle);
// startActivity(intent); // 启动指定的 Intent(不等待返回结果)
// Main.this.finish();

// 启动指定的 Intent,并等待返回结果
// 其中第二个参数假如 大于等于零,则返回结果时会回调 onActivityResult() 要领
startActivityForResult(intent, 0);
}
});

Log.d("MyDebug", "onCreate");
}

// 被启动的 Activity 返回结果时的回调函数
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK){
Bundle bundle = data.getExtras();

String name = bundle.getString("name");
double salary = bundle.getDouble("salary");

txt.setText("Activity 1" + "\n名字:" + name + "\n薪水:" + String.valueOf(salary));
}
}
@Override
protected void onStart() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onStart();

Log.d("MyDebug", "onStart");
}
@Override
protected void onStop() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onStop();

Log.d("MyDebug", "onStop");
}
@Override
protected void onRestart() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onRestart();

Log.d("MyDebug", "onRestart");
}

@Override
protected void onPause() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onPause();

Log.d("MyDebug", "onPause");
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onResume();

Log.d("MyDebug", "onResume");
}

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDestroy();

Log.d("MyDebug", "onDestroy");
}
}
编缉推选 阅读以下文章
系出名门Android(3) - 对话框(Dialog)和通知(Notification)
系出名门Android(2) - 布局(Layout)和菜单(Menu)
系出名门Android(1) - 在 Windows 下搭建 Android 开发环境,以及 Hello World 程序
MyActivity.java
代码
package com.webabcd.activity;
import android.app.Activity;
import ntent.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
// 被另一个 Activity 所启动的 Activity
public class MyActivity extends Activity {

Intent intent;

/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
this.setContentView(R.layout.main2);
// 获取启动者传递过来的参数
intent = this.getIntent();
Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();        
String name = bundle.getString("name");
double salary = bundle.getDouble("salary");

TextView txt = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.txt);
txt.setText("Activity 2" + "\n名字:" + name + "\n薪水:" + String.valueOf(salary));
Button btn = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btn);
btn.setText("返回前一个Activity");
btn.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
// 返回参数给启动者
MyActivity.this.setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, intent);
MyActivity.this.finish();
}
});
}
}
编缉推选 阅读以下文章
系出名门Android(3) - 对话框(Dialog)和通知(Notification)
系出名门Android(2) - 布局(Layout)和菜单(Menu)
系出名门Android(1) - 在 Windows 下搭建 Android 开发环境,以及 Hello World 程序
AndroidManifest.xml
代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android=""
package="com.webabcd.activity" android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0">
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
<activity android:name=".Main" android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<!--
假如 有须要 用到的 Activity ,则都要在这里做相应的配置
-->
<activity android:name=".MyActivity" android:label="Activity 2" />
</application>
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="3" />
</manifest> 
2、Service, Broadcast, BroadcastReceiver 的演示
Main.java
代码
package com.webabcd.service;
import android.app.Activity;
import ntent.BroadcastReceiver;
import ntent.ComponentName;
import ntent.Context;
import ntent.Intent;
import ntent.IntentFilter;
import ntent.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.TextView;
/*
* startService() 和 bindService() 的区别 
* startService() - 正常理会 就好
* bindService() - 使当前上下文对象(本例中就是 Activity)议决 一个 ServiceConnection 对象邦定到指定的 Service 。这样,假如 上下文对象销毁了的话,那么其对应的 Service 也会被销毁
*/
public class Main extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private TextView txtMsg;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
setTitle("android 之 service");
this.findViewById(R.id.btnStart).setOnClickListener(this);
this.findViewById(R.id.btnStop).setOnClickListener(this);
this.findViewById(R.id.btnBind).setOnClickListener(this);
this.findViewById(R.id.btnUnbind).setOnClickListener(this);

txtMsg = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.txtMsg);

// 实例化自定义的 BroadcastReceiver
receiver = new UpdateReceiver();
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
// 为 BroadcastReceiver 指定 action ,使之用于接收同 action 的广播
filter.addAction("com.webabcd.service.msg");

// 以编程方式注册  BroadcastReceiver 。配置方式注册 BroadcastReceiver 的例子见 AndroidManifest.xml 文件
// 通常 在 OnStart 时注册,在 OnStop 时撤销 注册
this.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
// this.unregisterReceiver(receiver);

}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent = new Intent(Main.this, MyService.class);
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.btnStart:
this.startService(intent);
break;
case R.id.btnStop:
this.stopService(intent);
break;
case R.id.btnBind:
this.bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
break;
case R.id.btnUnbind:
this.unbindService(conn);
break;
}
}
// bindService() 所需的 ServiceConnection 对象
private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {

}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {

}
};

private String msg="";
private UpdateReceiver receiver;
// 实现一个 BroadcastReceiver,用于接收指定的 Broadcast
public class UpdateReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
msg = intent.getStringExtra("msg");

txtMsg.append(msg + "\n");
}

}
}
编缉推选 阅读以下文章
系出名门Android(3) - 对话框(Dialog)和通知(Notification)
系出名门Android(2) - 布局(Layout)和菜单(Menu)
系出名门Android(1) - 在 Windows 下搭建 Android 开发环境,以及 Hello World 程序
MyService.java
代码
package com.webabcd.service;
import android.app.Service;
import ntent.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
// 演示 Service 的生命周期。详细 信息运行程序后在 LogCat 中查看
public class MyService extends Service {
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {

Log.d("MyDebug", "onBind");
sendMsg("onBind");

// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate();

Log.d("MyDebug", "onCreate");
sendMsg("onCreate");
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDestroy();

Log.d("MyDebug", "onDestroy");
sendMsg("onDestroy");
}
@Override
public void onRebind(Intent intent) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onRebind(intent);

Log.d("MyDebug", "onRebind");
sendMsg("onRebind");
}
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
super.onStart(intent, startId);

Log.d("MyDebug", "onStart");
sendMsg("onStart");
}

@Override
public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {

Log.d("MyDebug", "onUnbind");
sendMsg("onUnbind");

// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return super.onUnbind(intent);
}

// 发送广播信息
private void sendMsg(String msg){
// 指定广播目标的 action (注:指定了此 action 的 receiver 会接收此广播)
Intent intent = new Intent("com.webabcd.service.msg");
// 须要 传递的参数
intent.putExtra("msg", msg);
// 发送广播
this.sendBroadcast(intent);
}
}
编缉推选 阅读以下文章
系出名门Android(3) - 对话框(Dialog)和通知(Notification)
系出名门Android(2) - 布局(Layout)和菜单(Menu)
系出名门Android(1) - 在 Windows 下搭建 Android 开发环境,以及 Hello World 程序
MyBootReceiver.java
代码
package com.webabcd.service;
import ntent.BroadcastReceiver;
import ntent.Context;
import ntent.Intent;
import android.util.Log;
public class MyBootReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
// 用于接收满足条件的 Broadcast(相应的 Broadcast 的注册信息详见 AndroidManifest.xml ,当系统启动完毕后会调用这个广播接收器)
@Override
public void onReceive(Context arg0, Intent arg1) {
Log.d("MyDebug", "onReceive");

// 启动服务
Intent service = new Intent(arg0, MyService.class);
arg0.startService(service);
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml
代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android=""
package="com.webabcd.service" android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0">
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
<activity android:name=".Main" android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>

<!--
假如 有须要 用到的 service ,则都要在这里做相应的配置
-->
<service android:name=".MyService"></service>

<!--
注册一个 BroadcastReceiver
其 intent-filter 为 android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED(用于接收系统启动完毕的 Broadcast)
-->
<receiver android:name=".MyBootReceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
</application>

<!--
接受系统启动完毕的 Broadcast 的权限
-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="3" />
</manifest>