SQLServer 数据导入导出的几种方法小结

1. SQL Server导入导出向导,这种方式是最方便的.

4.BULK INSERT. T-SQL的命令,允许直接导入数据
语法:

复制代码 代码如下:

BULK INSERT
[ database_name. [ schema_name ] . | schema_name. ] [ table_name | view_name ]
FROM 'data_file'
[ WITH
(
[ [ , ] BATCHSIZE =batch_size ]
[ [ , ] CHECK_CONSTRAINTS ]
[ [ , ] CODEPAGE = { 'ACP' | 'OEM' | 'RAW' | 'code_page' } ]
[ [ , ] DATAFILETYPE =
{ 'char' | 'native'| 'widechar' | 'widenative' } ]
[ [ , ] FIELDTERMINATOR = 'field_terminator' ]
[ [ , ] FIRSTROW = first_row ]
[ [ , ] FIRE_TRIGGERS ]
[ [ , ] FORMATFILE ='format_file_path' ]
[ [ , ] KEEPIDENTITY ]
[ [ , ] KEEPNULLS ]
[ [ , ] KILOBYTES_PER_BATCH =kilobytes_per_batch ]
[ [ , ] LASTROW =last_row ]
[ [ , ] MAXERRORS =max_errors ]
[ [ , ] ORDER ( { column [ ASC | DESC ] } [ ,...n ] ) ]
[ [ , ] ROWS_PER_BATCH =rows_per_batch ]
[ [ , ] ROWTERMINATOR ='row_terminator' ]
[ [ , ] TABLOCK ]
[ [ , ] ERRORFILE ='file_name' ]
)]

重要参数:
FIELDTERMINATOR,字段分隔符
FIRSTROW:第一个数据行
ROWTERMINATOR:行终结符
如:

复制代码 代码如下:

BULK INSERT dbo.ImportTest
FROM 'C:\ImportData.txt'
WITH ( FIELDTERMINATOR =',', FIRSTROW = 2 )

5. OPENROWSET也是T-SQL的命令,包含有DB连接的信息和其它导入方法不同的是,OPENROWSET可以作为一个目标表参与INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE操作.
语法:

复制代码 代码如下:

OPENROWSET
( { 'provider_name', { 'datasource';'user_id';'password'
| 'provider_string' }
, { [ catalog. ] [ schema. ] object
| 'query'
}
| BULK 'data_file',
{ FORMATFILE ='format_file_path' [ <bulk_options> ]
| SINGLE_BLOB | SINGLE_CLOB | SINGLE_NCLOB }
} )<bulk_options> ::=
[ , CODEPAGE = { 'ACP' | 'OEM' | 'RAW' | 'code_page' } ]
[ , ERRORFILE ='file_name' ]
[ , FIRSTROW = first_row ]
[ , LASTROW = last_row ]
[ , MAXERRORS = maximum_errors ]
[ , ROWS_PER_BATCH =rows_per_batch ]

如:

复制代码 代码如下:

INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest
SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'Excel 8.0;Database=C:\ImportData.xls', 'SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]' WHERE A1 IS NOT NULL)

6.OPENDATASOURCE
语法:
OPENDATASOURCE ( provider_name,init_string )
如:

复制代码 代码如下:

INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest
SELECT * FROM OPENDATASOURCE('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'Data Source=C:\ImportData.xls;Extended Properties=Excel 8.0')...[Sheet1$]

7.OPENQUERY.是在linked server的基础上执行的查询.所以执行之前必须先建立好link server.OPENQUERY的结果集可以作为一个table参与DML的操作.
语法:
OPENQUERY (linked_server ,'query')
如:

复制代码 代码如下:

EXEC sp_addlinkedserver 'ImportData',
'Jet 4.0', 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'C:\ImportData.xls',
NULL,
'Excel 8.0'
GO
INSERT INTO dbo.ImportTest
SELECT *
FROM OPENQUERY(ImportData, 'SELECT * FROM [Sheet1$]')

以上只是简单总结的一些DB数据导入导出的方法及其一些简单的实例,希望对你实践中会有所帮助.